尋找教育的鄉村性

In Search of Rural Education

在國家財政拮据、不得不縮減教育經費的客觀情勢下，哪些學校應該優先被裁併？

怎樣規模大小的學校，最有利於學生的學習？

偏鄉教育應該怎麼走？

Given the country's financial constraints and the need to reduce funding for education, which schools should be prioritized for consolidation?

What size schools are most conducive to student learning?

Where should education in rural areas go?

文章主題：鄉村小校的發展、鄉村教育
關鍵字：小校裁併、課程在地化、偏鄉教育、教師的角色
Article Topic: Development of Rural Small Schools, Rural Education
Key Words: Small School Merger, Localization of Curriculum, Rural Education, Role of Teachers

論文摘要

顧瑜君〈尋找教育的鄉村性〉一文發表於2014年10月，《教育人力與專業發展雙月刊》，第31卷第5期，頁41-49。

作者說明，本文的目的不在於進入小校裁併的相關討論中，贊同某些意見或反對另一些意見。而是試著在「源頭」處，尋找不同發問背後的視野與問題意識，隨後提出自身的發問方式，並在這個提問（光照）引領下，走一段「教育的鄉村性」的歷史回顧與未來想像。

在提出「尋找教育的鄉村性」這一主張之前，作者先簡要說明偏鄉小校裁併的背景，並從「該如何提問？」這個問題點切入，論述本文的研究路徑，最後藉由「有土壤、有感覺的學習」一節中，作者所在大學與周圍幾個國中小發生的實際案例來支撐上述主張。

作者希望以此開闢出一條道路，讓臺灣各小校與各地方能在小校裁併的議題上，以自身的教育專業給出「我們要做出怎樣的在地教育典範」的正面主張，而不再是「該不該被併」和「怎麼被併」的有限選項。

Abstracts of Essays

The article "In Search of Ruralism in Education" by Yujun Gu was published in October 2014 in the Bimonthly Journal of Educational Manpower and Professional Development, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 41-49.

The author states that the purpose of this article is not to enter into the discussion of small school mergers, agreeing with some opinions or disagreeing with others. Rather, it is to try to find the vision and problematic consciousness behind different questions at the "source," and then to propose one's own way of asking questions, and to walk through a historical review and future imagination of the "rural nature of education" guided by this question (illumination).

Before putting forward the proposition of "searching for the rural nature of education," the author first briefly explains the background of the merger of small schools in remote villages, and starts from the question "How should I ask the question? In the section "Learning with Soil and Sense," the author uses actual cases from his university and several surrounding elementary and middle schools to support the above proposition.

The authors hope that this will open a path for Taiwan's elementary schools and localities to use their own educational expertise to make a positive case for "what kind of local education model we should make" on the issue of elementary school mergers, instead of the limited options of "whether or not to be merged" and "how to be merged".

給教育工作者的話

文中寫道，在「經濟貧乏的年代」，老師所擔任的角色是「一個村莊的老師」。例如，在日治時代的小學校，男老師需要學習農耕技術，協助村民改善農業；女老師則學習家禽養殖、農產品醃製、女工等技術，協助農民增加蛋白質攝取量、提高經濟收入和生活品質；校長也親自帶學生下田，拉牛車耕地，並動員師生在寒暑假到外地農場包工，協助學生打工賺取費用改善家庭經濟。作者問：「我們該怎麼理解這些『古老的傳說』呢？」銜接作者的發問，現代做為教育工作者的我們，所扮演的角色又是什麼呢？

A Message to Educators

In the "era of economic deprivation," the role of teachers was that of "teachers of a village," according to the article. For example, in elementary schools during the Japanese rule era, male teachers were required to learn farming techniques to help villagers improve their agriculture; female teachers were required to learn skills such as poultry farming, curing of agricultural products, and women's labor to help farmers increase their protein intake and improve their economic income and quality of life; principals also personally took students to the fields, pulled ox carts and plowed the fields, and mobilized teachers and students to work as contract laborers on farms overseas during summer and winter vacations to help students earn money to improve their families' The principal also takes the students to the fields to work on the farm, and mobilizes teachers and students to work on farms in the summer and winter to help the students earn money to improve their families' economy. The author asks, "How should we understand these 'ancient legends'? Following up on the author's question, what is our role as educators today?

給教育研究者的話

本篇論文的結論是一句話──「一種依需求的在地教育主張的崛起——我們如此期望著。」表現出研究者對國家教育制度的深切期盼，而這個期盼的最堅實的基礎是研究者多年深耕在地化教育的努力。研究者將學術研究連結周遭生活，化為行動發揮實際效用，成就了名符其實的經世濟民之學。

A Message to Educational Researchers

The conclusion of this essay is the phrase, "The rise of a demand-driven local education proposition - so we hope." The researcher's deep desire for a national education system is based on the researcher's years of work in localized education. By linking academic research to the life around us and turning it into practical action, the researcher has achieved a true scholarship that can help the people through the world.